Evolution of mobile radio communication

•  It has long been accepted in telecoms industry that standards are required to govern physical, electrical and procedural characteristics of a communication standard.
• A communication standard ensures that there will be a big market for a particular types of equipment and parts or software. It allows products from all types of  vendors to communicate, allowing flexibility to consumer in equipment selection and use.
• The communication systems that we are using today are results of series of development with advancement of technology at every step of development.
• Since the mid 1990s, the wireless communication networks have experienced very large growth.

• As shown in Figure   below the worldwide cellular and personal communication subscriber base crossed 600 million users in 2001 and the number of individual subscribers is projected to reach 5 billion by 2010.

• The governments from all over the world have provided new radio spectrum licenses for personal communication services (PCS) in the 1800-2000 MHZ frequency bands.
• There are four types of wireless network they are: 
• 1st generation wireless network (1G)
• 2nd generation wireless network (2G)
• 3rd generation wireless network (3G)
• 4th generation wireless network (4G)
• And there is also 5G wireless network which is currently in underdevelopment for better network stability and communication.

• The first generation (1G) are based on analog technology. They use FM modulation for communication.

• The second generation (2G) employ digital modulation and advanced call processing capabilities. Typical examples include Global System for Mobile (GSM), cordless telephone (CT2) etc.

• The third generation (3G) are developed to provide universal access throughout the world. They have used broadband ISDN to provide access to information networks like internet, communications using Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP), voice-activated calls etc.

• The fourth generation (4G) are the next generation cellular networks have been designed to support high speed data communications traffic in addition to the voice calls.
• The new technologies and standards are being implemented so that the wireless networks can replace the fiber optic or copper cables. 
• The wireless networks are used as replacement for wires within offices, buildings, homes with the use of Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs).
• The Bluetooth can connect several devices with wireless connections within a person's personal workspace. 

• WLANs and Bluetooth use low power. They don't need a license for spectrum use. They are used for adhoc wireless communication of voice and data anywhere in the world.

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